Drug-Induced Kounis Syndrome: Latest Novelties.

Kounis syndrome (KS) is defined by an acute coronary syndrome associated with hypersensitivity reactions, an under-diagnosed life-threatening medical emergency. Although multiple causes have been described, drugs constitute the most frequent cause. The purpose of this review is to update knowledge about drug-induced KS, to give guidelines on the correct diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the literature on drug-induced KS from the last 5 years. Antibiotics and NSAIDs are the most frequently implicated drugs. In addition, data on pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management are reviewed in detail. Highlight that there is a great deal of variability in the diagnosis and especially in the treatment of KS. This review provides a valuable selection of practical resources for all stakeholders to support effective care for KS, from a cardiologic and allergologic point of view. Future research should focus on developing validated, evidence-based, and patient-centered tools to improve the management of KS.

Relación entre discurso desorganizado, funciones cognitivas y funcionamiento social en personas con esquizofrenia / Relationship between disorganized speech, cognitive functions and social functioning in people with schizophrenia

La esquizofrenia comprende un gran abanico de disfunciones cognitivas, conductuales y emocionales; entre otras dificultades las personas con esquizofrenia muestran discurso desorganizado, también llamado trastorno formal del pensamiento o trastorno del discurso. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar y encontrar asociaciones entre el discurso desorganizado, la atención, la alteración cognitiva, y la relación que tienen con la gravedad y la funcionalidad social y adaptativa de los pacientes con esquizofrenia de evolución crónica que residen en una institución. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo correlacional y explicativo para la investigación, con 71 pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia crónica con diferentes escalas clínicas, escalas de evaluación cognitivas y escalas de funcionamiento social. Los resultados muestran que las personas con esquizofrenia tienen dificultades en todas las áreas evaluadas. Se observa que el habla desconectada o desorganizada correlaciona de manera positiva con la función cognitiva, la gravedad clínica y el funcionamiento social. Como conclusión, se observan una serie de asociaciones entre estas variables y es necesario tenerlas en cuenta para realizar una correcta intervención con esta población. (AU)

People with schizophrenia exhibit a wide range of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dysfunctions; among other difficulties, people with schizophrenia show disorganized speech, also called formal thought disorder or discourse disorder. The aim of this work is to analyze and find associations between disorganized speech, attention, cognitive impairment, and their relationship with the severity and social and adaptive functioning of patients with schizophrenia of chronic evolution living in an institution. A descriptive correlational and quantitative explanatory design is carried out with 71 patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia with different clinical scales, cognitive assessment scales and social functioning scales. The results show that people with schizophrenia have difficulties in all the areas assessed. Disconnected or disorganized speech is found to correlate positively with cognitive function, clinical severity, and social functioning. In conclusion, several associations between these variables are observed and need to be considered for proper intervention with this population. (AU)

Trastorno del lenguaje y vocabulario receptivo en pacientes con esquizofrenia de edad avanzada / Language disorder and receptive vocabulary in elderly patients with schizophreni

Objetivo: Estudiar las características del lenguaje y del vocabulario receptivo en 50 pacientes que padecen esquizofrenia y 5 que padecen trastorno esquizoafectivo, todos de evolución crónica. Método: Se sigue un diseño descriptivo correlacional y explicativo con un método de recogida de datos cuantitativo; se aplican la escala Thought, Language and Communication (TLC) y el test Peabody. Resultados: Los participantes tienen una media de 61.47 años (σ=8.00), llevan internados en el centro una media de 19.47años (σ=10.29). Con la TLC se evalúan dos dimensiones del trastorno del pensamiento: la hipoproductividad y la desconexión verbal. La desconexión correlaciona positivamente con el Peabody y los años de ingreso, mientras que la subproducción verbal correlaciona con años de ingreso y edad. El Peabody correlaciona con el grado de formación, con los años de ingreso y con la desconexión de TLC. Conclusiones Los participantes presentan alteraciones del lenguaje, particularmente pobreza del habla y desconexión verbal con puntuaciones que varían de leve a moderado. Los pacientes más formados comprenden mejor el vocabulario. La subproducción verbal es mayor con más edad y con más años de ingreso, mientras que la desconexión es mayor en los pacientes con más años de ingreso. Presentan mayores dificultades en la comprensión del vocabulario cuando aumentan los años de ingreso y cuando tienen más dificultades en la desconexión.(AU)

Objective: To study the characteristics of language and receptive vocabulary in 50 patients suffering from schizophrenia and 5 suffering from schizoaffective disorder, all with chronic evolution. Method: A descriptive, correlational, and explanatory design with a quantitative data collection method was used, applying the Thought, Language and Communication (TLC) scale and the Peabody Test. Results: The participants have a mean age of 61.47years (σ=8.00), they have been in the centre for an average of 19.47years (σ=10.29). Two dimensions of thought disorder are assessed with the TLC: hypoproductivity and verbal disengagement. Disconnectedness correlates positively with the Peabody and years of entry, whereas verbal underproduction correlates with years of entry and age. The Peabody correlates with the degree of education, and with years of entry, and TLC disconnection. Conclusions: Participants present language impairment, particularly poor speech and verbal disconnection with scores ranging from mild to moderate. The more educated patients have a better understanding of vocabulary. Verbal underproduction is higher with older age and more years of admission. Disconnection is higher in patients with more years of admission. They present greater difficulties in understanding vocabulary as the years of admission increase, and when they have more difficulties in disconnection.(AU)

Fingerprints as Predictors of Schizophrenia: A Deep Learning Study.

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: The existing developmental bond between fingerprint generation and growth of the central nervous system points to a potential use of fingerprints as risk markers in schizophrenia. However, the high complexity of fingerprints geometrical patterns may require flexible algorithms capable of characterizing such complexity. STUDY DESIGN: Based on an initial sample of scanned fingerprints from 612 patients with a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis and 844 healthy subjects, we have built deep learning classification algorithms based on convolutional neural networks. Previously, the general architecture of the network was chosen from exploratory fittings carried out with an independent fingerprint dataset from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The network architecture was then applied for building classification algorithms (patients vs controls) based on single fingers and multi-input models. Unbiased estimates of classification accuracy were obtained by applying a 5-fold cross-validation scheme. STUDY RESULTS: The highest level of accuracy from networks based on single fingers was achieved by the right thumb network (weighted validation accuracy = 68%), while the highest accuracy from the multi-input models was attained by the model that simultaneously used images from the left thumb, index and middle fingers (weighted validation accuracy = 70%). CONCLUSION: Although fitted models were based on data from patients with a well established diagnosis, since fingerprints remain lifelong stable after birth, our results imply that fingerprints may be applied as early predictors of psychosis. Specially, if they are used in high prevalence subpopulations such as those of individuals at high risk for psychosis.

Early and Delayed Infarct Growth in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Prospective, Serial MRI Study.

BACKGROUND: We studied the evolution over time of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volume and the factors involved on early and late infarct growth (EIG and LIG) in stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) according to the final revascularization grade. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort of patients with anterior large artery occlusion undergoing EVT arriving at 1 comprehensive stroke center. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on arrival (pre-EVT), <2 hours after EVT (post-EVT), and on day 5. DWI lesions and perfusion maps were evaluated. Arterial revascularization was assessed according to the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grades. We recorded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at arrival and at day 7. EIG was defined as (DWI volume post-EVT-DWI volume pre-EVT), and LIG was defined as (DWI volume at 5d-DWI volume post-EVT). Factors involved in EIG and LIG were tested via multivariable lineal models. RESULTS: We included 98 patients (mean age 70, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 17, final mTICI≥2b 86%). Median EIG and LIG were 48 and 63.3 mL in patients with final mTICI<2b, and 3.6 and 3.9 cc in patients with final mTICI≥2b. Both EIG and LIG were associated with higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at day 7 (ρ=0.667; P<0.01 and ρ=0.614; P<0.01, respectively). In patients with final mTICI≥2b, each 10% increase in the volume of DWI pre-EVT and each extra pass leaded to growths of 9% (95% CI, 7%-10%) and 14% (95% CI, 2%-28%) in the DWI volume post-EVT, respectively. Furthermore, each 10% increase in the volume of DWI post-EVT, each extra pass, and each 10 mL increase in TMax6s post-EVT were associated with growths of 8% (95% CI, 6%-9%), 9% (95% CI, 0%-19%), and 12% (95% CI, 5%-20%) in the volume of DWI post-EVT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Infarct grows during and after EVT, especially in nonrecanalizers but also to a lesser extent in recanalizers. In recanalizers, number of passes and DWI volume influence EIG, while number of passes, DWI, and hypoperfused volume after the procedure determine LIG.

El trastorno del lenguaje de las personas con esquizofrenia y su relación con la gravedad y la funcionalidad / The language disorder of people with schizophrenia and its relationship with severity and functionality

RESUMEN: Objetivo: estudiar las características del lenguaje en pacientes que padecen esquizofrenia u otros trastornos psicóticos. Método: 55 pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia (50) y trastorno esquizoafectivo (5). Se aplica la escala TLC de Andreasen, la escala EEAG para la funcionalidad, la CGI para la gravedad. Se recogen datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: Las medias son: edad: 61,47 años, internamiento: 19,47 años, CGI: 5,8, EEAG: 32,5. La subescala de desconexión de la TLC puntúa de media: 8,43, y la de Subproducción verbal: 1,2. La desconexión correlaciona negativamente con EEAG, y positivamente con CGI. La Subproducción verbal correlaciona con CGI. Conclusiones: Los participantes presentan un grado de gravedad elevado y de funcionalidad bajo. Presentan alteraciones importantes del lenguaje, particularmente de pobreza del habla, pero también de desconexión verbal. Con puntuaciones que varían de leve a moderado. Ambas subescalas correlacionan con gravedad. Además, la desconexión es mayor en los pacientes con peor funcionalidad. La alteración del lenguaje en esquizofrenia está relacionada con la gravedad y la funcionalidad, lo cual tiene importantes consecuencias en la vida de las personas que padecen esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Objective: to study the characteristics of language in patients suffering from schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Method: 55 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (50) and schizoaffective disorder (5). The Andreasen TLC scale, the EEAG scale for functionality and the CGI for gravity are applied. Sociodemographic data are collected. Results: Mean age: 61.47 years, mean years hospitalized: 19.47 years, CGI: 5.8, EEAG: 32.5. The TLC disconnection subscale scores on average: 8.43, and the Verbal Underproduction: 1.2. Disconnection correlates negatively with EEAG, and positively with CGI. Verbal underproduction correlates with CGI. Conclusions: The participants present a high degree of severity and low functionality. They present significant language alterations, poor speech, and verbal disconnection. With scores ranging from mild to moderate. Both subscales correlate with severity. In addition, the Disconnection is greater in patients with worse functionality. Language impairment in schizophrenia is related to severity and functionality, which has important consequences in the lives of people with this disease.

Perfil lingüístico de personas adultas con esquizofrenia residentes en un centro sociosanitario / Linguistic profile of adults with schizophrenia residents in a facility health

Las alteraciones lingüísticas son frecuentes en personas con esquizofrenia, es por ello, por lo que se persigue conocer en profundidad el lenguaje de estas personas; y encontrar relaciones entre los resultados del Neurobel y del TLC. La metodología de investigación es cuantitativa. Se aplica la Escala Thought, language, and Communication (TLC) y el Neurobel a 70 pacientes con esquizofrenia y 5 con trastorno esquizoafectivo. Los resultados indican que estos participantes tienen dificultades en todos los ítems que se han medido del TLC en orden de mayor a menor dificultad encontramos las siguientes: pérdida de la finalidad, tangencialidad, contenido, descarrilamiento y falta de lógica. En Neurobel encontramos mejores puntuaciones en la comprensión que en la expresión; pero si tenemos en cuenta los resultados de manera individualizada, se observan mejores resultados en repetición, discriminación de fonemas; y peores resultados en completar oraciones. Como conclusión existe un alto nivel de correlación entre los resultados del Neurobel con los resultados del TLC, lo que es importante ya que puede ser uno de los factores etiológicos de la psicopatología que afecta al lenguaje de los pacientes con esquizofrenia (AU)

Linguistic alterations are frequent in people with schizophrenia, which is why the aim is to gain in-depth knowledge of the language of these people and to find relationships between the results of the Neurobel and the TLC. The research methodology is quantitative. The Thought, language, and Communication Scale (TLC) and the Neurobel were applied to 70 patients with schizophrenia and 5 with schizoaffective disorder. The results indicate that these participants have difficulties in all the items measured in the TLC, in order from most to least difficult: loss of purpose, tangentiality, content, derailment and illogicality. In Neurobel, we found better scores in comprehension than in expression; but if we consider the results individually, we observe better results in repetition, phoneme discrimination; and worse results in sentence completion. In conclusion, there is a high level of correlation between the Neurobel results and the TLC results, which is important as it may be one of the aetiological factors of the psychopathology affecting the language of patients with schizophrenia (AU)

Un caso de síndrome de crouzon con sintomatología psiquiátrica / A case of Crouzon syndrome with psychiatric symptoms

El síndrome de Crouzon es un trastornoautosómico dominante caracterizado por craneosinostosis (cierre prenatal de una o varias suturas craneales) que provoca alteraciones secundarias de los huesos craneales y de la estructura facial. Las características más frecuentes incluyen deformidadesde cráneo y cara: proptosis ocular, exoftalmos y estrabismo divergente, nariz en forma de pico de loro, labio superior corto, maxilar hipoplásico y prognatismo mandibular relativo. La presión intracraneal enalgunos casos puede producir trastornos neurológicos y discapacidad intelectual.Realizamos una breve revisión del concepto y planteamos un caso clínico quepresenta graves alteraciones de conducta con agresividad y escasa respuesta terapéutica. (AU)

Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniosynostosis (prenatal closure of one or morecranial sutures) that causes secondary alterations of the cranial bones and facial structure. The most frequent features include skull and facial deformities: ocular proptosis, divergent exophthalmos and strabismus,parrot beak-shaped nose, short upper lip, hypoplastic maxilla, and relative mandibular prognathism. Intracranial pressure in some cases can cause neurological disorders andintellectual disability.We carry out a brief review of the concept and we present a clinical case that presents serious behavior alterations with aggressiveness and little therapeutic response. (AU)

Huellas dactilares como predictores de la esquizofrenia: un estudio de aprendizaje profundo / Fingerprints as Predictors of Schizophrenia: A Deep Learning Study

El vínculo existente entre la formación de huellas dactilares y el crecimiento del sistema nervioso central apunta a un uso potencial delas huellas dactilares como marcadores de riesgo en la esquizofrenia.Sin embargo, la elevada complejidad de los patrones geométricos delas huellas dactilares requiere algoritmos flexibles capaces de caracterizar dicha complejidad. A partir de una muestra inicial de huellasdactilares escaneadas de 612 pacientes con diagnóstico de psicosisno afectiva y 844 sujetos sanos, hemos construido algoritmos declasificación de aprendizaje profundo basados en redes neuronalesconvolucionales. Previamente, se eligió la arquitectura general de lared a partir de ajustes exploratorios realizados con un conjunto dedatos independiente de huellas dactilares del National Institute ofStandards and Technology. A continuación, la arquitectura de la redse aplicó para construir algoritmos de clasificación (paciente frentea controles) basados en modelos de un solo dedo y en modelos devarios dedos. Se obtuvieron estimaciones de la precisión de la clasificación aplicando un esquema de validación cruzada quíntuple.El mayor nivel de precisión de las redes basadas en un solo dedo loalcanzó la red del pulgar derecho (precisión = 68%), mientras quela mayor precisión de los modelos multientrada la obtuvo el modeloque utilizó simultáneamente imágenes de los dedos pulgar, índice ycorazón izquierdos (precisión = 70%). Aunque los modelos ajustadosse basaron en datos de pacientes con un diagnóstico bien establecido, dado que las huellas dactilares permanecen estables durantetoda la vida después del nacimiento, nuestros resultados implicanque las huellas dactilares pueden aplicarse como predictores tempranos de psicosis. Especialmente, si se utilizan en subpoblacionescon alta prevalencia de esquizofrenia, como las de personas con alto riesgo de psicosis. (AU)

The link between fingerprint generation and central nervous system growth points to a potential use of fingerprints as risk markersin schizophrenia. However, the high complexity of fingerprint geometric patterns requires flexible algorithms capable of characterizing such complexity. From an initial sample of fingerprints scanned from 612 patients diagnosed with non-affective psychosis and844 healthy subjects, we have built deep learning classification algorithms based on convolutional neural networks. Previously, thegeneral network architecture was chosen from exploratory fittingsperformed on an independent fingerprint dataset from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The network architecturewas then applied for buinding classification algorithms (patientsvs. controls) based on single-finger models and multi-finger models. Classification accuracy estimates were obtained by applyinga 5-fold cross-validation scheme. The highest level of accuracy ofthe single-finger-based networks was achieved by the right thumbnetwork (accuracy = 68%), whereas the highest accuracy of themulti-input models was obtained by the model that simultaneouslyused images of the left thumb, index and middle fingers (accuracy =70%). Although the fitted models were based on data from patientswith a well-established diagnosis, given that fingerprints remainstable throughout life after birth, our results imply that fingerprintscan be applied as early predictors of psychosis. Especially, if usedin subpopulations with high prevalence of schizophrenia, such as those at high risk for psychosis. (AU)

Cavum septum pellucidum y esquizofrenia. Un caso clínico / Cavum septum pellucidum and schizophrenia. A clinical case

del sistema límbico que forma las paredesmediales de los ventrículos laterales y constade dos láminas, el cavum septum pellucidum(CSP) es una cavidad que aparece cuandoestas láminas no se fusionan.Su incidencia es muy variable, pero lo normales que desaparezca en los primeros mesesde vida. Su presencia puede considerarseuna alteración del neurodesarrollo, teniendoen cuenta su tamaño.Hacemos una revisión histórica de su vinculacióncon la esquizofrenia y otros trastornosmentales. Es poco frecuente en laesquizofrenia y depende del tamaño considerado.Entre el 15 y el 58% sería una tasade prevalencia citada frecuentemente.Presentamos un caso clínico de un pacienteque padece esquizofrenia y abusode fármacos analgésicos y tranquilizantes,con predominio de sintomatología negativa,conductual, cognitiva (aprendizaje verbaldiferido, velocidad de procesamiento, fluidezverbal, etc.) y de lenguaje (pobreza delcontenido del lenguaje, perseveración, tangencialidad,etc.). En la TAC se observa CSPde gran tamaño. (AU)

The septum pellucidum is a componentof the limbic system that forms the medialwalls of the lateral ventricles and consistsof two sheets, the cavum septum pellucidum(CSP) is a cavity that appears when thesesheets do not fuse.Its incidence is highly variable, but it isnormal for it to disappear in the first monthsof life. Its presence can be considered a neurodevelopmentaldisorder, taking into accountits size.We make a historical review of its link withschizophrenia and other mental disorders. Itis rare in schizophrenia and depends on thesize considered. Between 15 and 58% wouldbe a frequently cited prevalence rate.We present a clinical case of a patientsuffering from schizophrenia and abuse ofanalgesic and tranquilizing drugs, with apredominance of negative, behavioral, cognitivesymptoms (delayed verbal learning,processing speed, verbal fluency, etc.) andlanguage (poor content of the language,perseveration, tangentiality, etc.). Large CSPis seen on CT. (AU)

Isolation and characterisation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from Norwegian bivalves.

Only a few studies concerning Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) detection in bivalves and their harvesting areas have been reported, and to the best of our knowledge there are no outbreaks associated with STEC from bivalves described. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of STEC in Norwegian bivalves, and to characterize potential STEC isolated from the samples. A total of 269 samples of bivalves were screened for the presence of stx and eae genes, and markers for the serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157 by using ISO TS 13136 (2012). The screening returned 19 samples that were positive for stx and eae, and attempts of isolation of STEC were made from these samples. Presumptive STEC were obtained from three samples, and three isolates (one from each sample) were subjected to whole-genome-sequencing (WGS). The WGS revealed that one of the isolates did not carry the stx genes, while the other two were identified as stx2i positive E. coli O9:H19 and stx2g positive E. coli O96:H19. Neither of the two STEC isolates were positive for virulence markers such as eae and ehx. The results suggest that the occurrence of STEC in Norwegian bivalves is low.

Concepción de la creatividad motriz entre profesores de artes escénicas / Perforing arts teachers conception of motor creativity / Concepção da criatividade motora entre professores de artes cénicas

La creatividad es aún hoy en día un término difuso, también para el profesorado de cualquier ámbito educativo. El objetivo de este estudio es el de comparar la concepción subjetiva de la creatividad por parte del profesorado de artes escénicas con una valoración objetiva basada en la metodología observacional sistemática. Un grupo de 7 estudiantes de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte y otro de 7 participantes de una compañía amateur de Expresión Corporal improvisaron, moviéndose libremente, durante 5 minutos en un espacio delimitado. 3 observadoras analizaron las grabaciones utilizando un Sistema de Categorías ad hoc. Paralelamente, se pasó un cuestionario a 15 profesores de artes escénicas después del visionado de las mismas grabaciones. Las respuestas se analizaron mediante el Software Nvivo v.9. Los resultados mostraron claramente que el profesorado tiene concepciones distintas sobre la creatividad y que no se basan en valoraciones objetivas relacionadas con la cantidad o variabilidad de las respuestas motrices

Teachers usually have different conceptions of the meaning of creativity. The aim of this study was to compare the subjective performing arts teachers’ conception of creativity with an objective evaluation based on Observational Methodology. Seven students of Sports Science and 7 dancers in an amateur creative dance company were recorded while improvising during 5 minutes in a limited space. 3 observers analysed the two trials with an ad hoc Categories System. 15 performing arts teachers answered a questionnaire after observing the two recorded improvisations. The answers were analysed using Software Nvivo v.9. The results show that teachers have different conceptions of creativity and that they are not based on objective appreciations related to the quantity or variety of the motor responses

criatividade é ainda hoje em dia um termo difuso, também para os docentes de qualquer âmbito educativo. O objectivo deste estudo écomparar a concepção subjectiva da criatividade por parte dos docentes de artes cénicas com avaliação objectiva baseada na metodologia observacionalsistemática. Um grupo de 7 estudantes de Ciências da Actividade Física e Deporto e outro de 7 participantes de uma companhia amadora de ExpressãoCorporal improvisaram, movendo-se livremente, durante 5 minutos num espaço delimitado. De igual modo, 3 observadores analisaram as gravaçõesutilizando um Sistema de Categorização ad hoc. Paralelamente, foi aplicado um questionário a 15 professores de artes cénicas depois do visionamentodas mesmas gravações. As respostas foram analisadas através do Software Nvivo v.9. Os resultados indicam claramente que os professores têm concepçõesdistintas sobre a criatividade e que não se baseiam em avaliações objectivas relacionadas com a quantidade ou variabilidade das respostas motoras

La agresividad en los pacientes con esquizofrenia / No disponible

Los pacientes con esquizofrenia suelen tener tasas de agresividad elevada cuyo origen es multifactorial y complejo. Por otro lado, el nivel de conciencia de enfermedad suele ser bajo en estos pacientes y está relacionado con la sintomatología de la enfermedad así como con el seguimiento y cumplimiento del tratamiento. Estudiamos a un grupo de 74 pacientes con esquizofrenia de intensidad grave y larga duración. Se administró una batería de pruebas para medir la conciencia de enfermedad, la actitud ante la medicación, la agresividad, la gravedad de la enfermedad y el nivel de funcionalidad: SUMD, DAI, OAS, CGI, EEAG. Como resultado encontramos en nuestros pacientes una tasa elevada de agresividad, sobre todo verbal, en relación con un nivel bajo de conciencia de enfermedad, con la gravedad de la sintomatología, y un funcionamiento global bajo (AU)

Patients with schizophrenia often have high rates of aggression whose origin is multifactorial and complex. Furthermore, the level of awareness of illness is usually low in these patients and is associated with the symptoms of the disease and monitoring and treatment compliance. We studied a group of 74 patients with schizophrenia of severe intensity and long duration. Was administered a battery of tests to measure disease awareness, attitude towards medication, aggressiveness, disease severity and level of functionality: SUMD, DAI, OAS, CGI, GAF.As a result we found in our patients a high rate of aggression, especially verbal, in relation to a low level of awareness of the desease, the severity of symptoms and a low overall operation (AU)

Estudio acerca de las enfermedades médicas en un grupo de pacientes esquizofrénicos / No disponible

Introducción Cada día está más documentada la alta prevalencia de enfermedades medicasen los pacientes que padecen esquizofrenia. Además son particularmente frecuentes las patologías ligadas a factores de riesgo cardiovasculares: obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión, etc. Objetivo Conocer la prevalencia de enfermedades médicas presentes en una población de pacientes esquizofrénicos crónicos.Población220 pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia según CIE-10: 48 varones y 172 mujeres. La edad media es de64,64 años. El 76,8 % con un ingreso superior a los 5 años. Material Encuesta específica realizada por nosotros para recoger datos sociodemográficos y enfermedades más frecuentes. Índice Acumulativo de Enfermedad(IAE) para recoger enfermedades somáticas. Escala de Evaluación de la Actividad Global (EEAG) para medir (..) (AU)

Introduction The high prevalence of medical conditions in schizophrenic patients is a well-documented issue. Besides, diseases linked to cardiovascular risk factors are particularly frequent. Aim To find out the prevalence of medical conditions presented by a population of chronic schizophrenic patients. Sample The target population is a total of220 schizophrenic patients, 48 men and 172 women, diagnosed following the ICD-10 criteria, institutionalized at least during 5 years in a 76,8 % of the patients. The average age was of 64,64years.MaterialsSpecific survey applied by the group of investigators aiming to collect sociodemographical data and the medical conditions, using the following psychometric scales: Cumulative Index of Illnesses(CII), Global Assessment Scale(GAS), and Clinical Global Impression (..) (AU)

Association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and a variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in intron 2 of the serotonin transporter gene.

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological studies indicate a dysregulation of the serotonergic system in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism with three alleles (Stin2.9, Stin2.10, Stin2.12) has been described in intron 2 of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene. This polymorphism has been associated with unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders including OCD. METHODS: The association between OCD and the polymorphism is examined in 97 OCD patients, 578 psychiatric controls and 406 healthy controls, all Spanish Caucasians. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies for the polymorphism were significantly different in OCD patients, psychiatric patients and controls. There was a significant excess of 12/12 and 12/10 genotypes in OCD patients compared to psychiatric patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a possible association between the Stin2.12 allele of the VNTR polymorphism and OCD.

Association between the T102C polymorphism of the serotonin-2A receptor gene and schizophrenia.

Studies have shown an association between the T102C polymorphism of the 5HT2a receptor gene and schizophrenia. However, negative findings have also been reported. We conducted a case-control study of the T102C polymorphism in Spanish Caucasians. We compared T102C polymorphism genotypes and allele frequencies in 188 schizophrenia patients and 440 healthy controls. There were significant differences in the distribution of the three genotypes (TT, TC and CC) and in the allele frequencies in controls and schizophrenics. The C allele was more frequent in schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls. The Cochrane-Armitage test for trend indicated a significant dosage effect for schizophrenia of the risk allele (C).

Patoplastia en inmigración / Psychopathological aspects of immigration

La población de inmigrantes ha aumentado llamativamente en España en los últimos años. Madrid, y más concretamente los distritos Centro y Arganzuela, son buenos exponentes de esta situación. Este crecimiento, al igual que en otros ámbitos, ha tenido su repercusión en los dispositivos sanitarios que les atienden. En las unidades de Urgencias y Hospitalización Breve se ha observado un incremento cuantitativo en la atención a inmigrantes así como algunas diferencias en cuanto a la expresión clínica de sus trastornos mentales. En este sentido ha llamado nuestra atención un cuadro clínico más prevalente en inmigrantes procedentes de Europa del Este que en otras poblaciones y que recuerda a una entidad excluida de las clasificaciones actuales pero bien descrita en la literatura clásica denominada "Psicosis por inmigración". En este artículo hacemos una revisión de esta entidad nosológica y presentamos cuatro casos clínicos que pensamos podrían incluirse bajo este epígrafe (AU)